This data compilation is a collaborative effort by the CLIVASH2k (Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the past 2000 years) working group, part of the PAGES2k network. The database is a compilation of sodium and sulphate records from Antarctic ice cores spanning the past 2000 years, and contains a combination of published records (sourced from public archives), and unpublished data submitted to the CLIVASH2k call. All data are provided as annual averages (Jan-Dec). This database includes the annually resolved section of each original dataset (in the annual_resolution folder) and the coarser than annual sections (in the coarse_resolution folder). Annual averages for the oldest and most recent years were only included if the available data covered more than half of the year. All concentration values are presented in parts per billion (ppb). All flux values are presented in ppb by kilogram per square meter (ppb kg m-2). Data for each species are contained in separate CSV files; Sodium concentration (Na_concentration), Sodium flux (Na_flux), Sulphate concentration (SO4_concentration), Sulphate flux (SO4_flux), Excess Sulphate (xsSO4), Excess Sulphate flux (xsSO4_flux). Each file contains the data for all sites. The Excess Sulphate and Excess Sulphate flux calculations assume that all Na comes from the ocean (according to the standard seawater ion ratio as in [Holland, 1978]). Data were submitted in both the ionic (e.g. SO42-) and elemental forms (S). Elemental S has been converted to sulphate (SO42-) by multiplying by three. A data description publication accompanies this database: Thomas et al., The CLIVASH2k ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulphate records spanning the past 2000 years. Earth System Science Data. This database was created with the support of the CLIVASH2k project.

These data files contain the records of isotopes, anions, cations and organic compounds measured in the Bouvet Island ice core. The Bouvet ice core was collected as part of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) 2016-2017, and is the first ever ice core collected on the island. All analyses was carried out at the British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom between 2016 and 2018. Analyses were carried out by analytical staff and a PhD student. Isotopes were measured using a Picarro instrument, anions and cations on a Dionex Intergrion Ion Chromatograph, and organics using High-Performance Liquid Chromotography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Isotopes, anions and cations are measured as discreet 5cm core samples, while organics are measured at annual resolution core samples. This data forms part of a suite of ice cores from the sub-Antarctic islands collected on the ACE cruise 2016-2017, for which anion, cation and isotope data will be made available separately. Funding source Work by Amy King was jointly supported by Selwyn College, Cambridge, and the NERC Doctoral Training Programme [grant number NE/L002507/1]. ACE and Elizabeth Thomas received funding from Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. Joel Pedro acknowledges support from the European Research Council under the European Community''s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007e2013)/ERC grant agreement 610055 as part of the ice2ice project.

This dataset presents the annual and sub-annual diatom records preserved in a set of ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land over the 1992-2019 CE interval, as presented in Tetzner et al. (2022). Annual diatom abundance (annual d-abundance) data are provided as annual averages for the 1992-2019 CE interval. Annual diatom concentration (annual d-concentration) data are provided as annual averages over the 1992-2019 CE interval. Sub-annual diatom concentration (sub-annual d-concentration) data are provided for each ice core as depth profiles for the 2002-2006 CE interval. Annual d-abundance and d-concentration are timeseries. Column A represents years between 1992 and 2019 CE. Annual data are listed for each ice core site alphabetically (Jurassic (JUR), Rothschild Island (ROIC), Sherman Island (SHIC) and Sky-Blu (SKBL)). Sub-annual d-concentration data are depth profiles. Column A represents ice depth (m). The ice depth interval presented in each file represents the 2002-2006 CE interval. Diatom abundance data are presented as the number of diatoms identified in an ice core annual layer (diatoms a-1). Diatom concentration data are presented as the number of diatoms identified per unit volume of water (L) contained on each annual (or sub-annual) sample (diatoms L-1). This dataset was created with the support of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (grant number 72180432).

Young Island is a new ice core drilling site uniquely positioned to give insight into the (sub-)Antarctic climate. This dataset contains four preliminary dating approaches that lay the foundation for the age scale of the Young Island ice core presented in Moser et al. (2021). Funding was provided to SubICE by Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, the Swiss Polar Institute, and Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc (grant no. SubICE). ERT received core funding from NERC to the British Antarctic Survey''s Ice Dynamics and Palaeoclimate programme. DEM was supported by BAS, Cambridge, and the NERC C-CLEAR doctoral training programme (grant no. NE/S007164/1). JBP received grant funding from the Australian Government.

This dataset contains a subset of the ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017 (https://doi.org/10.5285/9c972cfb-0ffa-4144-a943-da6eb82431d2). The subset reported here contains ice core data from the 1455 - 1227 AD period (60.80 - 79.45 m depth) and covers the volcanic eruption of Samalas, Indonesia in 1259. The ice core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. Here we report i) the age-depth model over the 1455 - 1227 AD period, ii) high-resolution nitrate stable isotopic composition of discrete ice core samples, and iii) nitrate, sodium and magnesium mass concentrations and electrolytic meltwater conductivity from continuous flow analysis (CFA). Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/N011813/1.

We present the age scales for three Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice cores: Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic. The three age scales are all from intermediate-depth cores, in the 133-141 m depth range. The Palmer age scale covers 390 years, 1621-2011 C.E., and is from one of the oldest AP cores. Rendezvous and Jurassic are from lower elevation high-snow accumulation sites and therefore cover shorter intervals, 1843-2011 C.E. and 1874-2011 C.E., respectively. The Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic cores were all drilled in November-December 2012 using the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) electromechanical dry drill (without drill fluid). Water isotopes and the chemical species used to establish the age scales were measured in the ice core labs at BAS (Cambridge, UK) using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) or from melted discrete cut ice samples. The annual-layer markers for dating of the cores were primarily determined using nssSO4 and H2O2 summer peaks, with d18O and MSA as additional support. This research effort was carried out by the BAS Ice Core group and the established age scales will provide the foundation for multiple upcoming projects. The ice core drilling and analysis was funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant [NE/J020710/1]. Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

This dataset contains ice core data for the ISOL-ICE core recovered from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica in January 2017. The core is 120 m in depth and spans a 1349 +/- 3 year period from 2017 to 668 AD. The core was dated by annual layer counting and identifying volcanic horizons as fixed time markers. High-resolution stable nitrate isotopic composition data is accompanied by chemistry data, conductivity, density, insoluble particle counts (dust), and snow accumulation rate data. Funding was provided by the NERC grant NE/N011813/1.

Here we provide the Palmer ice core Water-stable isotope (d18O, dD), sodium (23Na), and magnesium (24Mg) palaeo archives. The Palmer drill site (73.86 S, 65.46 W, 1897 m a.s.l.) is located on the southern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, Palmer Land. The core, firn and ice, were drilled in December 2012 to a depth of 133 m below the snow surface. The Palmer ice core covers 391 years, 1621-2011 C.E. The data were measured on the British Antarctic Survey Continuous Flow Analysis system in Cambridge, UK. Data is given both on depth and temporal (annual means) scales. The d18O and dD records were measured on a CFA laser spectroscopy system and the 23Na and 24Mg data were measured on the CFA ICP-MS setup. The ice core drilling and analysis were funded by the British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC, Cambridge, UK), part of UK research and innovation and NERC grant NE/J020710/1. The Palmer analysis was funded by Haus der Kulturen der Welt (HKW, Berlin, Germany), in collaboration with the Anthropocene working group (AWG).

This dataset presents the microparticle and ion fluxes from a set of ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, as presented in Tetzner et al. (2022). Microparticle (MPC_flux) and ionic (nssCa+2_flux, nssK+_flux, ssNa+_flux, MSA_flux) data are provided as annual fluxes for the 1992-2019 CE interval. Annual fluxes were calculated as winter-to-winter averages. Data points represent the annual austral winter-to-winter average and are presented over the correspondent austral summer. The dataset comprises timeseries CSV files. The first column represents years between 1992 and 2019 CE, and the remaining columns represent annual flux data as the number of microparticles (particles) or ion concentration (ppb), multiplied by annual snow accumulation (kg m-2), listed for each ice core site alphabetically (Jurassic (JUR), Sherman Island (SHIC) and Sky-Blu (SKBL)). This dataset was created with the support of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (grant number 72180432).